Most and Least Nutritive Fruits In World Source: Pixabay Most and Least Nutritive Fruits An analysis of the 38 commonly eaten raw (as opposed to dried) fruits shows that the one with the highest calorific value is the avocado (Persea americana) with 741 calories per edible lb. That with the lowest value is cucumber with 73 calories per lb. Avocados probably originated in Central and South America and also contain vitamins A, C. and E and 2.2% protein. Biggest Apple An apple weighing 3 lb 1 oz was reported by V. Loveridge of Ross-on Wye, England in 1965. Largest Artichoke An 8-lb artichoke was grown in 1964 at Tollerton, N Yorkshire England, by A. R. Lawson Largest Broccoli A head of broccoli weighing 28 lb 14 3/4 oz was grown in 1964 by J. T. Cooke of Huntington, W. Sussex, England. Largest Cabbage In 1865 William Collingwood of The Stalwell, County Durham, England, grew a red cabbage with a circumference of 259 in. It reputedly weighed 123 lb. Largest Carrot A carrot weighing 11 ...
Inter - Relationship Among Organisms :
The earth is inhabited by enormous number of different kinds of living beings. These range from tiny microbes to giant- sized trees, whales and elephants.
Similarities in Life Processes :
1. Uptake of matter and energy : All living organisms obtain matter and energy from their environment .
2. Metabolism : All living organisms utilize energy and matter to maintain life and so synthesis new cytoplasm for growth.
3.Growth and reproduction : All of them grow and reproduce .
These basic function involve two major life processes:
1. Energy transformation and
2. Synthesis of key macromolecules : proteins and nucleic acids.
Energy Transformation : The essential components of these two processes are identical or identical in all living organisms.
Synthesis of key macromolecules : Information for the synthesis of various macromolecules of protein is encoded in the sequences of nitrogenous bases in the DNA.
Evidences of Organic Evolution
The doctrine of organic evolution is supported by evidences drawn from the study of different branches .
Homologous organs are different in appearance and perform different functions but are built on the same basic pattern and have the common origin.
Example : Homology of Forelimbs, Homology of plant parts.
The earth is inhabited by enormous number of different kinds of living beings. These range from tiny microbes to giant- sized trees, whales and elephants.
Similarities in Life Processes :
1. Uptake of matter and energy : All living organisms obtain matter and energy from their environment .
2. Metabolism : All living organisms utilize energy and matter to maintain life and so synthesis new cytoplasm for growth.
3.Growth and reproduction : All of them grow and reproduce .
These basic function involve two major life processes:
1. Energy transformation and
2. Synthesis of key macromolecules : proteins and nucleic acids.
Energy Transformation : The essential components of these two processes are identical or identical in all living organisms.
Synthesis of key macromolecules : Information for the synthesis of various macromolecules of protein is encoded in the sequences of nitrogenous bases in the DNA.
Evidences of Organic Evolution
The doctrine of organic evolution is supported by evidences drawn from the study of different branches .
Homologous organs are different in appearance and perform different functions but are built on the same basic pattern and have the common origin.
Example : Homology of Forelimbs, Homology of plant parts.
Analogous Organs and Analogy
Analogous organs peform the same function and have almost similar appearance, but they develop in totally different groups and are different in fundamental structure.
Example 1. Analogy in wings : Examine the wings of an insect(dragonfly), bird(eagle), mammal(bat). These peform the same function of assisting in the flight but
different considerably in their structure. The wings of an insect are mere expansions of body wall without any skeletal support, the wings of pterodactyle and bat are skin folds supported by fingers and the wings of a bird are modified forelimbs. This shows that these organs have developed to perform the same function in response to the same need but their basic architecture is different because these belong to different groups of animals.
Example 2. Analogy in Body Shape : A fish, an Ichthyosaur and a whale have stream-lined body and are adapted for aquatic existence. But these belong to three different classes of vertebrates with no trace o common ancestry.
Analogous organs are developed in the evolutionary process through adaptations of distantly related organisms to the same mode of life.
Evidences from Vestigial Organs
Vestigial organs are rudimentary or poorly developed organs or body parts that are non-functional and useless to the possessor but were functional in the ancestors and are fully developed and functional in related forms.
Example 1. Vestigial Organs in Man: As many as 90 such structures are present in our body. Presence of nictitating membranes(third eyelid), ear muscles (auricular muscles) to move pinna, pointed canines, wisdom teeth, vermiform appendix, mammae in male, clitors in women, caudal vertebrae, abdominal muscles, haior coat.
The Vestiges of pelvic girdles and hindlimb bones in limbless pythons, Vestigial wing bones and poorly developed sternum in flightless birds and vestigial eyes or eyes covered with a fold of integument are other examples of vestigial organs.
Vestigial Organs in Plants: Vestigial organs occur in plants also such as scale leaves of Ruscus and underground stems. Vestigial organs were fully developed and functional in the ancestors but with the change in habit these were not needed by the organisms and have gradually reduced to vestiges. As for example, the human appendix is the remanent of the caecum which is large and functional in all herbivores. It helps in the digestion of cellulose. These presence of nonfunctional appendix in man indicates that ancestors of man indicates that ancestors of man were herbivorous. Man being omnivorus does not require caecum or appendix. So it has undergone reduction in size.
Presence of homologous organs confirms:
1. Common ancestory and inter-relationship among different groups.
2. Divergent evolution that individuals from the same group have undergone adaptive modifications in different environments and have become different.
1. Common ancestory and inter-relationship among different groups.
2. Divergent evolution that individuals from the same group have undergone adaptive modifications in different environments and have become different.
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